Neuro-Oncology Unit

Specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors affecting the central nervous system, the Neuro-Oncology Unit manages both primary brain tumors and neurological involvement associated with other types of cancer.

The unit also treats neurological complications arising from oncological diseases, including brain metastases, neurological side effects of cancer treatments, and cancer-related neurological syndromes.

The unit is staffed by specialists from the Barcelona Oncology Institute (IOB) with extensive experience in the management of these complex conditions. This model enables the delivery of specialized, personalized care tailored to the clinical characteristics of each patient.

Medical Team

Dra. Carmen Balañá (Neuro-Oncologist)

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of central nervous system tumors often begins with the appearance of neurological symptoms that may indicate the presence of a brain lesion.

These symptoms may include recurrent headaches of unknown origin, personality changes, speech difficulties, visual disturbances, balance disorders, fainting episodes, persistent nausea, or vomiting. However, these signs are not specific to brain tumors and may be caused by other conditions.

Initially, a comprehensive clinical assessment is performed, including a neurological examination and a review of the patient's symptoms and medical history.

The main diagnostic procedures include:

Imaging Studies

• Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the reference imaging technique for the evaluation of central nervous system tumors
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan, which can identify lesions suggestive of a brain tumor

Diagnostic Confirmation

• Surgery or biopsy to obtain tumor tissue
• Histopathological examination

Molecular Analysis

• Assessment of tumor biomarkers and genetic alterations

Together, these investigations allow specialists to confirm the diagnosis, classify the tumor, and define the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.

In selected cases, the diagnostic process may be supported by optimized clinical pathways that facilitate rapid diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment.

Treatments

The treatment of central nervous system tumors follows a well-defined therapeutic pathway tailored to the characteristics of both the patient and the tumor.

In most cases, management begins with surgery aimed at removing the tumor whenever feasible. This is a highly specialized procedure that is individually planned according to the tumor type and its location within the brain.

Following surgery, and particularly in patients with gliomas, treatment typically continues with radiation therapy.

In a large proportion of patients, this approach is complemented by chemotherapy administered over several months, with the goal of controlling disease progression.

Throughout this period, patients undergo close monitoring through regular clinical assessments and imaging studies, allowing specialists to evaluate treatment response and identify potential side effects at an early stage.

Research and Clinical Trials

The unit’s specialists actively participate in national and international clinical trials in the field of central nervous system tumors, serving as investigators in studies focused on the development of new therapeutic strategies.

When appropriate, patients may be evaluated for inclusion in active clinical trials at other institutions, facilitating access to innovative treatments and emerging therapeutic options.

Approach and Services

• Specialized management of central nervous system tumors and their neurological complications
• Personalized medicine based on the biological characteristics of the tumor
• Comprehensive patient assessment
• Support and guidance throughout the entire care journey
• Clinical follow-up focused on the early detection of potential recurrence